Domestic heating system



May' 13, 1930.

w. M. fcRoss DOMESTIC HEATING `'svfs'rn Filed uwk 1I. 1926 1 :s sheets-sheet 1 W. M. CROSS DOMESTIC HEATING SYSTEM May 13, 1930.

Filed Nov. 11, l1926 s sheets-sheet s INTOR.

de l ATRNL'Y j is .connected to the face of the worm wlieel'; and is given a reciprocating movement, due.'

' 55H to its offset position'from' the center of the.;

' of the dog from theratchet. i Upontli'e shaft'-y tion with the power line 32.v LWhen the circuit closed and the motor29 started the shaft 33, carrying the -`worm 34 and fan 35 is rotated, the fan 'drawing the air through an inlet duct 36 and discharging it through the ducts 37 into the open ,channels 37\,formedv around the combustionl ot 2, similar to an acket, or chamber, surrounding thecomustion pot, through tuyres or openings 37 b" in the inner sides of the combustion pot near thesurface'of the burning fuel, or at 'a point substantially where, the combustion 'takes l place. T o preventthe fire from beingenf. `tirely extinguished during the periods when the s stem is shut off for'an considerable lengt 'of time, a thermo-coup e 38,shown' Ain` rFigsl and `2, is positioned in the combustion space of the furnace, just abovethe'fire zone,

and this thermo-couple is set'ata-predetermined temperature whichtemperature is regulated -to operate the fuel feed and force drafts suiliciently' to prevent total extinguish# ment of the fire. The variations in tempera! ture acting upon lthe thermocouplefunction afdiaphragm valve 29 lto bring acontacting-V surface 40 inengagement with vthe. contact 41=when the temperature inthe furnace 1s vkreduced to a predetermined point."v 4rWith .the 'contacting of rthe. elements 40 "anciil,

the.. e'lectrical jcircuitfisf closed throllglftlie 11119830542' md-28,' andfo', 26, 28g ana-2s to start the .nio tollrslj17I and 29las1they were I started-.bythe-vthermostat. a Thel flre 1s con''A tinued. x`untiIthe; furnace A,temperature is v rai-sedgsniiiciently'highto .break Vthe contact between 40, 'and 41, shutting olf themoto'rs 17 'and 2,9', which drive the fuelfeed and force` draft'- and the; air circulation thron'gh theu system.-

wheel '43, the latter being supported by fa wheel;4 This reciprocatingv movement):

transferred `to a `do- 46, which-engagesz-the teeth .of a ratchet w eel 47., the latter being'y b mounted upon-"a shaft-48. The vertical reciprocating crank 45 slides in an upper guidemember 48 which prevents also displacement 48 vis also mountedLa "conveyor -screw,n49

veying duct between the hopperv l'andthe air jacket. The air'is dlschargedfrom'this kashes into a pit, is thought to combustion pot 2. The rotation of the con- 52 isalso mounted upon the shaft 48, and

drives the chain 53.which runs over a sprocket 54mountedl upon a shaft 55. This shaft 55 also carries a cam wheel 56 which has a portion of its outer surfaces cutaway. The outer surface `of, the cam 56 rides against a depending tongue 57-of the dump grate 58,

.which is positioned at the end of the inclined grate 33; Through a considerable part of theirotation of thef'cam the dump grate is held in the full line .position Vshown in Fig. 4, but when the :cutout portion-is 4rotatedjso that the depending tongue can swing into 'a position shown in the dotted line position in ig. 4, thegrate being pivoted at 59 drops down, 'permitting' the ashes or spent fuel gravitating along the inclined grate 3 to drop into'the hopper. 60'and thence into the'` ashpit 61 below' the furnace. A

`It is'recognized to be common practice to p' circulate air through a furnace. by means of ay blower fan, and also to humidify this airA A prior to its distribution. It is recognized as common practice also to automatically stoke a' furnace bgl means of a conveyorscrew but to supply t e fuel by an under feed device,

and to inject-.the air substantially at the combustion point in the furnace andto' allow the overliowing burningfuel from the combustion pot to gravitate downwardly over van inclined-grate and atthe end of this grateftoj automatically and lintermittently dump vthe be il practice which is'novel in theart.'

4`Further more the dual'electrical control apparatusone control regulated by, the- .variations in room temperature in the dwell` ing and a separate control operating simultaneousl "therewith functioned by a prede- ,termine minimum temperature 'in the com- 'bustion zone of the furnace, constltutes an- --other feature ofthe invention.

j fThe -fuel which isused is'consumed always p M .e n, ff ,l f under the most economical conditions, as the Referring nowjto the driveforthe fuelfeedgj mechanism;the worm 34meshes with a' worm systemjis'either'turned on full or entirely olf, so that the most eihcient operating conditions y exist for'combustiomor-'the system is what .hanger 44. The :lower end of the' crank 445- loo maybetermed asin a smoldering or banked feingused. v p l y l Y. By this invention then, `economical conditions of combustion areat yalll times enforced, for when theithermostat in the'heated room l reaches a predetermined ytem erature, there' v 1 lsa complete stoppageof the uel feed mech- `operatmg 1n a pipe 50 which-serves as alcon-v anism and. the forceddraft fan. This permits-'then'onlypthe burningof the residual fuel which when consumed would allow-the Y' ireto be entirely extinguished ifit were not for the auxiliary control within the combustion pot, which functions when the furnace is cooled to say 200 F. e This auxiliary con.- trol starting the fuel feed andforce draft again institutes maximum operation untilthe temperature in the combustion pot iserestored to 200 F., or at any other predetermined temperature selected for the minimum temperature ofthe furnace. p

It may, under certain conditions, be desirable to have the auxiliary control or the control functioned bythe furnaceV tempera-v ture connected only to the fuel feed and force draft, sothat the air circulation or the opera-l tion of the fan 17 is dispensed with when the `system is being operated to maintain the minimum furnace temperature.

In the construction of the heat exchanger f l, the relation lof heating surface to fuelburned is at least that of 200 square foot surface per 1000 B. t. u.produced per minute. When this relation is used the stacked temperature is approximately 150y F," (a temperature well below the kindling temperature of soot or wood) i flhis mechanism then for the first time sup- I plies a system in which undermaximum operating conditionsnthe stack temperatures are still below a temperature sufficiently high to b urn or ignite wood or soot, and will at all t-imes range below 250 F. I

It is a well known fact that alarge portion of the fires in domestic dwellings are occa-` sioned by overheating. of chimneys or flues connecting with the chimneys; a condition occasioned by high stack temperatures. By

the use of the present invent-ionv these excessive stack temperatures wouldbe impossible,

as it would be impossible to operate the system so that the stack temperatures would rise abo ve the kindling temperature o f wood, as previously statedthis `being due to the efficient heat exchange taken placel between the combustion gases and circulating` air.

The relationl then of the maximum c ombiistion measured in B. t. u. unitsto the heating exchanging surface is'suclithat the products of `combustion are pooledto a temperature below the kindling temperature of woodor soot.

The system in combination with autojmatic stoker regulated simultaneously by al dual or double thermostatic control, whichprevents the extinguishment of the fire and maintains a proper room temperature, comprises briefly the features ofthe system. 1 The furnace construction relies forv its novelty upon underfeeding of a granulated ing the ashes to a pit provided for that purpose. I claim as my invention:

1. Aheating system comprising a combustion pot,-means for feeding fuelthereto, a

`2. A heating system comprising a ycombus'v tion pot, means forvfeeding fuel tliereto,fa Y

combustion space above the combustion pot,

means cont-rolled by the temperature of the' rooms to be heated for turning on and off thek feeding means, and a separatethermostatic control actuated b a predetermined minivmum temperature in'said combustion space for preventing extinguishment ofthe fire when operating under low heat requirement conditions. t

fAheating system of the character described comprising a combustion pot, means .for feeding fuelthereto, meansfor forcing air to said combustion pot, means controlled by the temperature of the rooms .to be heated for automatically turning on and off the fuel feedin means andthe air forcing means, acom ustion space heated by said combustion pot and a separate thermostatic control actuated by a predetermined' minimum temperature in the combustion space for prevent- 'ing extinguishment of the fire when operating under low heat requirement conditions.

4. A domestic heating'plant of the character described comprising a combustion pot, an automatic Stoker adapted to supply fuel thereto, means controlled'by the tei'nperature of the rooms to beheated for turning on and mum temperatureof the combustion space for preventing extinguishment of the fire `when operating under low heat requirement conditions.

5. A force' draft` furnace for ajheating sysi tem having apower driven underfeed stoking element, a dual thermostatic control mechanism connectedto the Stoker driving means, one thermostat mechanism` functioning by variations of the temperature in the space to be heated, andthe other by predetermined Aminimum temperature `within the furnace to prevent extinguishment-of the fire.,

' WALTER M. CROSS.

or disintegrated fuel to a combustion pot and` supplying aii` at. substantially the combustion point; also,`1n the distributing of this overflowing burnin fuel onto an inclined grate and lautomatica ly and intermittently dump- -off the Stoker, and a separate thermostaticy control actuatedby the predetermined mini- 

